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Special thanks to Jinglan Wang for review and feedback One question that often comes up is: how exactly is sharding different from sidechains or Plasma? All three architectures seem to involve a hub-and-spoke architecture with a central “main chain” that serves as the consensus backbone of the system, and a set of “child” chains containing actual user-level transactions. Hashes from the child chains are usually periodically published into the main chain (sharded chains with no hub are theoretica...