GitLab Duo Planner aims to streamline software development planning by reducing manual overhead and improving decision-making with AI. It addresses common planning issues like lack of clarity, disruptive coordination, and hidden risks by organizing requirements, managing backlogs, and enhancing visibility across teams. The tool utilizes frameworks like RICE and MoSCoW for prioritization and aims to integrate deeply within the GitLab platform to provide tailored recommendations for Agile teams.